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300語程度の英文を読んで、90〜110語に要約(目標時間20分)
- 長文を読む:「結局、何の話?」と思いつつ、一般化・抽象化しながら読む。
メモを取りながら読んでOK。 - 見比べる:長文と要約文を見比べながら、言い換え感覚をつかむ
- 自主トレ:長文に戻って自分で要約してみる
駄作でもいいので、ためらわずどんどん書く。書いてなんぼ。 - 内容を話して定着:話そうとすることで「まとめる脳」が育つ
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要約練習問題<長文>
英検1級の要約問題は、3段落・約300語の英文が出ます。段落の役割は毎回同じで、①背景と問題提起 → ②すでにある対策 → ③逆接の言葉+その対策に残る限界。まず読んでみてください。
Chronic skin disease is among the most common reasons owners bring a dog to a veterinary clinic. The animals scratch until the skin breaks, secondary infections follow, and the condition typically persists for the rest of the dog’s life. Treatment has long depended on corticosteroids and on drugs that suppress the immune system broadly, which relieve the itching but leave the animal vulnerable to infection and, over years, to metabolic and liver damage. Owners frequently abandon a course of treatment when side effects appear, and a proportion of dogs are eventually surrendered because the condition has become unmanageable at home.
A regulatory approval announced recently offers a more precise alternative. The compound blocks a specific signaling pathway involved in transmitting the sensation of itch, rather than dampening immune activity as a whole, and trials reported relief within hours together with a marked reduction in the systemic effects associated with steroids. Because it is administered as a long-acting injection given every few weeks, it also removes the daily dosing that owners most often fail to maintain, and veterinarians have described it as the most significant change in dermatological practice in a decade. Uptake during the first year exceeded the manufacturer’s own projections.
Despite these advantages, the treatment leaves a good deal unresolved. Its price places it beyond many households, and pet insurance, held by a minority of owners in most countries, frequently excludes chronic conditions diagnosed before the policy began. Long-term safety evidence is thin, since the studies supporting approval ran for months rather than years in a therapy intended to continue for life. Above all, the drug interrupts the sensation of itch without altering its cause, so the allergens, diet, and housing that provoke the response continue to act on the animal unchanged.
(296 words)
要約問題日本語訳
慢性の皮膚疾患は、飼い主が犬を動物病院へ連れて行く理由として最も多いものの一つである。犬は皮膚が破れるまで掻き、二次感染が続き、この状態はたいていその犬の生涯にわたって続く。治療は長らく、副腎皮質ホルモン剤と、免疫を広く抑える薬に頼ってきた。かゆみは和らぐが、動物は感染に弱くなり、年月を経れば代謝と肝臓の障害にもさらされる。副作用が出ると飼い主は治療をやめてしまうことが多く、家庭で手に負えなくなって最終的に手放される犬も一定数いる。
最近発表された承認は、より的を絞った選択肢を差し出す。この化合物は免疫の働き全体を鈍らせるのではなく、かゆみの感覚を伝える特定の経路を遮る。試験では数時間のうちに症状が和らぎ、ホルモン剤に伴う全身への影響がはっきり減ったと報告された。数週間に一度の持続性の注射で投与されるため、飼い主が最も守れない毎日の投薬もなくなる。獣医は、この10年の皮膚科の診療で最も大きな変化だと語っている。初年度の普及は、製造元自身の見通しを上回った。
こうした利点があっても、この治療は多くのことを未解決のまま残す。価格は多くの家庭の手の届かないところにあり、多くの国で少数の飼い主しか加入していないペット保険は、契約前に診断された慢性の病気をたいてい対象外にする。長期の安全性の裏づけも薄い。承認を支えた試験は、生涯続けることを想定した治療でありながら、年ではなく月の単位で行われたからだ。何より、この薬はかゆみの感覚を断つだけで原因を変えない。だから反応を引き起こすアレルゲンも、食事も、飼育環境も、そのまま動物に働きかけ続ける。
要約例
90〜110語・1段落にまとめます。中身の並びは背景 → 問題 → 対策 → 逆接 → 残る限界で、公式の解答例は6回ともこの順です。
Chronic canine skin disease is a frequent reason for veterinary consultation and has traditionally been managed with corticosteroids and broad immunosuppressants, which control irritation but expose animals to infection and long-term organ damage and are often abandoned by owners. A newly approved compound instead blocks a specific pathway carrying the sensation of itch, acts within hours, avoids much of the systemic burden, and is delivered by long-acting injection, removing the difficulty of daily dosing. Despite this, its cost excludes many households, insurance rarely covers conditions diagnosed beforehand, evidence on prolonged use is limited, and the allergens and environment provoking the reaction remain untreated.
(105 words)
要約例日本語訳
犬の慢性的な皮膚疾患は動物病院を訪れる理由として多く、従来はホルモン剤と免疫を広く抑える薬で管理されてきた。症状は抑えられるが、動物は感染や長期の臓器障害にさらされ、飼い主が治療をやめることも多い。新たに承認された化合物は、かゆみの感覚を運ぶ特定の経路を遮り、数時間で効いて全身への負担の多くを避け、持続性の注射で毎日の投薬の手間もなくす。しかし価格が多くの家庭を締め出し、保険は事前に診断された病気をほとんど対象にせず、長期使用の裏づけは限られ、反応を引き起こすアレルゲンと環境は手つかずのまま残る。
⚠ 自分の意見やまとめは書きません。公式の解答例に I think も In conclusion も出てきません。そして最後は必ず逆接で終わり、対策に残る限界を書きます。「対策があってうまくいっている」で終わる要約は、6回とも一つもありません。
要約見比べ
原文3段落を、要約3文に対応させます。1段落=1文です。
第1段落:背景・問題提起 — 従来の薬の代償
- 「Chronic skin disease is among the most common reasons owners bring a dog to a veterinary clinic. The animals scratch until the skin breaks, secondary infections follow, and the condition typically persists for the rest of the dog’s life. Treatment has long depended on corticosteroids and on drugs that suppress the immune system broadly, which relieve the itching but leave the animal vulnerable to infection and, over years, to metabolic and liver damage. Owners frequently abandon a course of treatment when side effects appear, and a proportion of dogs are eventually surrendered because the condition has become unmanageable at home.」
要約文の対応部分:
- 「Chronic canine skin disease is a frequent reason for veterinary consultation and has traditionally been managed with corticosteroids and broad immunosuppressants, which control irritation but expose animals to infection and long-term organ damage and are often abandoned by owners.」
解説:
- 受診理由の多さと、従来の治療の難点(感染・臓器・中断)を1文に。
which control irritation but expose animals to …と関係詞で対比を入れます。
第2段落:既存対策 — 経路を絞った新薬の承認
- 「A regulatory approval announced recently offers a more precise alternative. The compound blocks a specific signaling pathway involved in transmitting the sensation of itch, rather than dampening immune activity as a whole, and trials reported relief within hours together with a marked reduction in the systemic effects associated with steroids. Because it is administered as a long-acting injection given every few weeks, it also removes the daily dosing that owners most often fail to maintain, and veterinarians have described it as the most significant change in dermatological practice in a decade. Uptake during the first year exceeded the manufacturer’s own projections.」
要約文の対応部分:
- 「A newly approved compound instead blocks a specific pathway carrying the sensation of itch, acts within hours, avoids much of the systemic burden, and is delivered by long-acting injection, removing the difficulty of daily dosing.」
解説:
- 新薬の利点を4つ(狙いが絞られる・数時間・全身への負担が少ない・毎日の投薬が要らない)並べます。試験の数字や獣医の言葉は落とします。
第3段落:逆接+残る限界 — 価格・保険・裏づけ・原因
- 「Despite these advantages, the treatment leaves a good deal unresolved. Its price places it beyond many households, and pet insurance, held by a minority of owners in most countries, frequently excludes chronic conditions diagnosed before the policy began. Long-term safety evidence is thin, since the studies supporting approval ran for months rather than years in a therapy intended to continue for life. Above all, the drug interrupts the sensation of itch without altering its cause, so the allergens, diet, and housing that provoke the response continue to act on the animal unchanged.」
要約文の対応部分:
- 「Despite this, its cost excludes many households, insurance rarely covers conditions diagnosed beforehand, evidence on prolonged use is limited, and the allergens and environment provoking the reaction remain untreated.」
解説:
Despite this,のあと、限界を4つ。最後に「原因は手つかず」を置くのが1級の型で、これがあると「実質的な限界」になります。
言い換え一覧リスト
原文の 約300語を100語弱に落とすとき、実際に何をどう短くしたか。1級の要約は写し取りが減点なので、ここが得点そのものになります。
第1段落の言い換え
- 「Chronic skin disease is among the most common reasons owners bring a dog to a veterinary clinic」 → 「Chronic canine skin disease is a frequent reason for veterinary consultation」
(飼い主が犬を病院へ連れて行く理由として最も多いものの一つ → 動物病院を訪れる理由として多い(節を名詞句に)) - 「drugs that suppress the immune system broadly, which relieve the itching but leave the animal vulnerable to infection」 → 「broad immunosuppressants, which control irritation but expose animals to infection」
(免疫を広く抑える薬 → 免疫を広く抑える薬剤(関係詞節を専門語1語に)) - 「Owners frequently abandon a course of treatment when side effects appear」 → 「are often abandoned by owners」
(副作用が出ると飼い主は治療をやめる → 飼い主にやめられることが多い(受け身で主語をそろえる))
第2段落の言い換え
- 「blocks a specific signaling pathway involved in transmitting the sensation of itch, rather than dampening immune activity as a whole」 → 「blocks a specific pathway carrying the sensation of itch」
(免疫全体を鈍らせるのでなく特定の経路を遮る → かゆみの感覚を運ぶ特定の経路を遮る) - 「trials reported relief within hours together with a marked reduction in the systemic effects」 → 「acts within hours, avoids much of the systemic burden」
(数時間で和らぎ全身への影響が減ったと報告された → 数時間で効き全身への負担の多くを避ける) - 「administered as a long-acting injection given every few weeks, it also removes the daily dosing that owners most often fail to maintain」 → 「delivered by long-acting injection, removing the difficulty of daily dosing」
(数週間に一度の持続性の注射で毎日の投薬が要らない → 持続性の注射で毎日の投薬の手間をなくす)
第3段落の言い換え
- 「pet insurance, held by a minority of owners in most countries, frequently excludes chronic conditions diagnosed before the policy began」 → 「insurance rarely covers conditions diagnosed beforehand」
(少数しか入っておらず契約前の慢性疾患を対象外にする → 保険は事前に診断された病気をほとんど対象にしない) - 「Long-term safety evidence is thin, since the studies supporting approval ran for months rather than years」 → 「evidence on prolonged use is limited」
(承認を支えた試験が月単位だったので長期の裏づけが薄い → 長期使用の裏づけは限られる(理由を落とす)) - 「the allergens, diet, and housing that provoke the response continue to act on the animal unchanged」 → 「the allergens and environment provoking the reaction remain untreated」
(アレルゲン・食事・飼育環境が変わらず働き続ける → 反応を引き起こすアレルゲンと環境は手つかずのまま)
まとめ
削るのは具体例・数字・地名・人名・言い換えの繰り返し、残すのは背景 → 問題 → 対策 → 残る限界の4つの節目です。とくに最後の「残る限界」は必ず書きます。ここが抜けると、内容は合っていても公式の解答例とは別のものになります。
英検1級英作文(意見論述・要約問題)・二次試験(面接)リストはコチラ
英検1級トピック探しにおススメのサイト:Britanica ProCon.org
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